Overview
Nokia Corporation is a Finland-based telecommunications technology company headquartered in Espoo. It develops network infrastructure, mobile connectivity products and software for communications providers and other organizations. Its stated purpose is “advancing connectivity to secure a brighter world.” [1][2][3]
Nokia’s principal businesses are Network Infrastructure, covering optical, IP and fixed networks, and Mobile Infrastructure, covering radio networks, core software and technology standards. It also manages a portfolio of telecommunications patents. Nokia operates in approximately 130 countries; in 2025, it reported net sales of €19.9 billion and an average workforce of about 78,000 people.[4][5][6][7][8] [1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9][3]
Products & services
Nokia’s Network Infrastructure products cover IP routing and data-center switching, optical transport, and fixed broadband networks. Its optical offerings include 1.2T and 1.6T coherent transponders and 800G coherent pluggables; its 7220 IXR H6 platform provides data-center switching. Fixed-network offerings include fiber access equipment for 10G, 25G and 50G passive optical networks, in-home Wi-Fi, software and professional services.[10][11][12][13]
In mobile networks, Nokia supplies radio access network equipment, microwave transport links and network-management products. Its AirScale portfolio includes base stations, active antennas, Cloud RAN, software and analytics services. Nokia also provides network planning, optimization, deployment and technical support, as well as outsourced management of operators’ multivendor radio networks.[14][15][16]
Nokia’s cloud and network software includes voice and packet core, subscriber-data, signaling and policy functions. Its Autonomous Network Fabric supports digital operations, analytics, AI and security software. Separately, Nokia licenses patents and technologies for mobile devices, consumer electronics, IoT, automotive and multimedia applications. In 2025, Network Infrastructure and Mobile Networks accounted for approximately 40% and 39% of group sales, respectively; Cloud and Network Services contributed about 13% and Nokia Technologies about 8%.[17][18][19] [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][19][19][19][19]
Geographic presence
Nokia is headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and reports sales across Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), the Americas, and Asia-Pacific (APAC). In 2024, EMEA accounted for €8.4 billion, or about 44% of group net sales; the Americas for €6.3 billion (33%); and APAC for €4.5 billion (24%). Within those regions, Europe contributed €6.4 billion, North America €5.4 billion, and the Middle East and Africa €2.0 billion.[20]
The United States was Nokia’s largest separately disclosed country market in 2024, with €5.0 billion in net sales, or about 26% of the group total. Finland contributed €2.1 billion (11%), India €1.4 billion (7%), and France €0.8 billion (4%).[20]
Nokia reported an average of 78,434 employees across January–December 2024. Its largest disclosed workforce groupings were Europe excluding Finland (26,718), India (17,784), North America (9,287), China (8,689), and Finland (6,716); it also reported employees elsewhere in Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.[20] [21][22][22][22][22][22][22][23][23][23][23][23][24][25][25][25][25][25][25][20]
Business segments
Since January 2026, Nokia has reported three business segments. **Network Infrastructure** covers optical transport, IP routing and switching, and fixed broadband networks; its recast 2025 net sales of €7.65 billion were approximately 38% of Nokia’s group net sales. **Mobile Infrastructure** combines radio networks, core network software and services, and Technology Standards, which includes patent licensing. Its recast 2025 sales of €11.41 billion represented approximately 57% of group sales. **Portfolio Businesses** holds Fixed Wireless Access customer equipment, Site Implementation and Outside Plant, Enterprise Campus Edge, and Microwave Radio; its €845 million of recast 2025 sales represented approximately 4%. Nokia presents Group Common and Other separately, and segment sales do not reconcile exactly to consolidated sales.[26][27][28][29]
Nokia’s 2025 annual reporting used four segments before this reorganization: **Network Infrastructure** (approximately 40% of group sales), **Mobile Networks** (39%), **Cloud and Network Services** (13%), and **Nokia Technologies** (8%). Mobile Networks focused on radio access networks and associated services; Cloud and Network Services covered core-network and autonomous-network software; and Nokia Technologies principally monetized intellectual property through licensing. The 2026 structure moved core-network activities and technology licensing into Mobile Infrastructure and placed certain other activities in Portfolio Businesses, so the two segment breakdowns are not directly comparable.[30][19][17][15][31] [26][27][28][30][19][17][15][31][29]
Company history
Nokia traces its origins to a pulp mill founded in Finland by Fredrik Idestam in 1865. The modern Nokia Corporation was formed in 1967 through the merger of Nokia Ab, Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable Works. It subsequently expanded into electronics and telecommunications, including mobile phones. Nokia equipment carried the first official GSM call in 1991; Jorma Ollila became chief executive in 1992, and by 1998 Nokia had become the world’s largest mobile-phone manufacturer.[32][33][34][35][36]
Nokia combined its network-equipment operations with Siemens’ in 2007 to form Nokia Siemens Networks. As its handset business faced a changing smartphone market, Nokia announced a Windows Phone partnership with Microsoft in 2011, then sold substantially all of its Devices & Services business to Microsoft in 2014. Its acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent, with combined operations beginning in 2016, marked a further shift toward telecommunications networks and related technology.[37][38][39][40] [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]
Sources
- NOKIA — Full financial report (2025 Y)
- www.nokia.com[3]
- NORWEGIAN AIR SHUTTLE — Full financial report (2019 Y)[6]
- www.nokia.com[20]
- NOKIA — Full financial report (2024 Y)
- NOKIA — Press release (2025 Y)
- www.nokia.com[29]
- NOKIA — Press release (2026 Q 1)[31]
- www.nokia.com[32]
- collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk[33]
- www.nokia.com[34]
- www.sec.gov[35]
- www.rcrwireless.com[36]
- www.sec.gov[37]
- news.microsoft.com[38]
- www.nokia.com[39]
- www.nokia.com[40]
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