# TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO LTD

Summary updated: 2026-03-18T23:26:23.048582Z
Canonical: https://finbar.com/research/companies/taiwan-semiconductor-manufacturing-co

## Overview

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited (TSMC), founded in 1987, is a dedicated semiconductor foundry whose core business is manufacturing integrated circuits for customers based on their proprietary chip designs. Its services extend beyond wafer fabrication to include mask making, design support, advanced packaging and 3DFabric technologies, and testing, making it a key supplier to fabless semiconductor companies and integrated device makers. TSMC’s business is defined by the foundry segment of the semiconductor industry and by end markets such as high-performance computing, smartphones, IoT, automotive, and digital consumer electronics.[1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-e60f954ccfab48648167c4b424b9473b)[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-748e74570ff4445d9ba0b1f25d228ba7)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-f2e4ece34adf4ebeb3724028f4b1faab)

The company’s operations are centered in Taiwan but supported by a broader international manufacturing and customer-service footprint. TSMC reports operating one 150mm fab, six 200mm fabs, nine 300mm fabs, and five advanced backend fabs, with facilities in Taiwan, the United States, China, and Japan, alongside customer support subsidiaries in the United States, Canada, Japan, China, Germany, the Netherlands, and South Korea. As reflected in its stated priorities, the company emphasizes customer trust and service, technology leadership through R&D, green manufacturing, and a healthy and inclusive workplace.[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-ab2aaf1723204a48a35ce06ac17d02bb)[5](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-83bb74ca458240f89b8411fc7b20ce60)[6](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-905684191615401ba7ab11781fd2d3e2)[7](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-d31496156aab4e2593451ac9f22ff9ce)[8](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-1fc4fa089bba4cd6a7dd7f270ca84212)[9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-0b5eefc9a4e549b0adfa16cfa202dea6)

TSMC is also notable for its scale. In 2024, it reported net revenue of NT$2,894,308 million and 83,825 full-time employees, underscoring its position as one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers globally.[10](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-9faceea7418e4463950038f1a7f3dbf7)[11](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-5bf46f69a42d41088c8025ccf1836336)
[1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-e60f954ccfab48648167c4b424b9473b)[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-748e74570ff4445d9ba0b1f25d228ba7)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-f2e4ece34adf4ebeb3724028f4b1faab)[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-ab2aaf1723204a48a35ce06ac17d02bb)[5](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-83bb74ca458240f89b8411fc7b20ce60)[6](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-905684191615401ba7ab11781fd2d3e2)[7](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-d31496156aab4e2593451ac9f22ff9ce)[8](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-1fc4fa089bba4cd6a7dd7f270ca84212)[9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-0b5eefc9a4e549b0adfa16cfa202dea6)[10](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-9faceea7418e4463950038f1a7f3dbf7)[11](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-5bf46f69a42d41088c8025ccf1836336)

## Products & services

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. provides contract semiconductor manufacturing rather than branded end-products, with services spanning wafer fabrication based on customer IC designs, design support, mask making, advanced silicon stacking and packaging under TSMC 3DFabric, and testing.[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-748e74570ff4445d9ba0b1f25d228ba7)[12](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-619cdb0feb7d42debdc8e93c9cf7f3d6) Its leading-edge process portfolio includes 2nm N2 nanosheet transistor technology, 3nm N3 FinFET, and the N4, N5, N6 and N7 families, including performance-tuned variants such as N4X and N3X for high-performance computing chips such as AI accelerators, GPUs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, server processors and networking devices.[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-f2e4ece34adf4ebeb3724028f4b1faab) For smartphone chips, it lists premium nodes including N2P, N3E, N3, N4P, N4, N5P and N5, and mainstream nodes including N4C, N6, N7+, N7, 12FFC+, 12FFC, 16FFC+, 16FFC, 28HPC+, 28HPC and 22ULP, emphasizing higher performance, lower power and smaller die sizes.[13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-8e26f8e96b554d56886678e79a516525)

Its specialty offerings extend beyond logic scaling. For IoT devices, TSMC offers 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 12nm, 16nm and 28nm logic, ultra-low-power platforms such as N6e and N12e, and planar technologies including 22ULL, 28ULP, 40ULP and 55ULP, alongside RF, enhanced analog, embedded non-volatile memory, sensor, display and power-management technologies.[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b4ec471bf8e74b1880d1846c2c47e58f) For automotive semiconductors, it cites 5nm, 7nm and 16nm technologies for ADAS, in-vehicle infotainment and zonal controllers, plus automotive specialty processes including 28nm embedded flash, 28/22/16nm mmWave RF, HDR, CIS/LiDAR sensors, PMICs and MRAM.[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b4ec471bf8e74b1880d1846c2c47e58f) Advanced packaging products include TSMC-SoIC, InFO and CoWoS, which are positioned for high compute density, low latency and power-efficient system integration.[15](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-a629bf62c12045e2b0d520303cc8a493)[16](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-15aa90b27f074fe18e7076f29e1547ff)

TSMC also offers manufacturing-related services such as multi-project wafer programs that let multiple designs share a mask set, plus web-based design, engineering and logistics support.[17](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-59ada9a731ae493683a4d4999dc80fb2)[18](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-08fd805440b34f56a82cc3572933e90d) In 2024, advanced technologies of 7nm and below accounted for 69% of total wafer revenue; by node, 5nm represented 34% of wafer revenue, 3nm 18%, 7nm 17%, 16nm 8% and 28nm 7%.[19](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-748f7e8ee1a14c2a942970c7a51e027b)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-a1653c5120c34bb5ac8b3a72d8edca6e)[21](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-c93c0015390c432585145c10a2295bcf) By application platform, high performance computing contributed 51% of revenue, smartphones 35%, IoT 6% and automotive 5%, indicating that the company’s product mix is centered on advanced logic and system integration for compute- and mobile-oriented semiconductors.[22](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-60398c42dca14f55af7f791512275ff0)
[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-748e74570ff4445d9ba0b1f25d228ba7)[12](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-619cdb0feb7d42debdc8e93c9cf7f3d6)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-f2e4ece34adf4ebeb3724028f4b1faab)[13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-8e26f8e96b554d56886678e79a516525)[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b4ec471bf8e74b1880d1846c2c47e58f)[15](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-a629bf62c12045e2b0d520303cc8a493)[16](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-15aa90b27f074fe18e7076f29e1547ff)[17](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-59ada9a731ae493683a4d4999dc80fb2)[18](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-08fd805440b34f56a82cc3572933e90d)[19](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-748f7e8ee1a14c2a942970c7a51e027b)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-a1653c5120c34bb5ac8b3a72d8edca6e)[21](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-c93c0015390c432585145c10a2295bcf)[22](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-60398c42dca14f55af7f791512275ff0)

## Geographic presence

Taiwan is the center of TSMC’s operating footprint. Its principal executive office is in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan, and the company says its headquarters and nine fabs are located there; it also has two fabs in Central Taiwan Science Park and five fabs in Southern Taiwan Science Park. Outside Taiwan, TSMC reports fab operations in the United States, China, and Japan, including sites in Washington State and Arizona, Shanghai and Nanjing, and Kumamoto, with related offices at those locations; it also disclosed a German subsidiary, ESMC, for a manufacturing facility in Dresden, Germany. [23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-0efa07e813f24d36a82ebf96e433cde1)[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-ab2aaf1723204a48a35ce06ac17d02bb)[24](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-7751b7ce31cf4ea4894d9c432e39552b)[25](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-613f3f1c25524b438297de95b6e40ccf)[26](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-768bfe05f89d4a12b8547dca956139b6)

On the sales side, TSMC discloses revenue by the geography of customers’ headquarters, noting this may differ from where products are ultimately sold or shipped. For 2024, North America accounted for 70% of net revenue, China 11%, Asia Pacific 10%, Japan 5%, and EMEA 4%; the company defines Asia Pacific as excluding China and Japan. [27](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b78e123a0c4f4bde8bdb5c6bd0acae21)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T-d1a953ee7dea497b8a30df9efb16f12b)[29](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-6b09c50737f4413e91f8600ca813dba6)[30](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-7f4f3586c40d4e9fbdab31835387263a)

TSMC’s workforce is also concentrated in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024, it had 83,825 full-time employees, including 32,703 in Hsinchu Science Park, 23,059 in Southern Taiwan Science Park, 8,540 in Central Taiwan Science Park, 2,817 in Taoyuan, 3,055 in Miaoli, and 2,805 in Kaohsiung Nanzih Technology Industrial Park. Overseas headcount was reported at 4,497 in North America, 4,478 in China, 1,791 in Japan, 78 in Europe, and 2 in Korea. [31](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-85f3e8c9fc284a94a4fae5492270daf5)[32](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-8a5c52aad7084750b72c7d0676733eb0)
[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-0efa07e813f24d36a82ebf96e433cde1)[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-ab2aaf1723204a48a35ce06ac17d02bb)[24](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-7751b7ce31cf4ea4894d9c432e39552b)[25](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-613f3f1c25524b438297de95b6e40ccf)[26](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-768bfe05f89d4a12b8547dca956139b6)[27](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b78e123a0c4f4bde8bdb5c6bd0acae21)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T-d1a953ee7dea497b8a30df9efb16f12b)[29](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-6b09c50737f4413e91f8600ca813dba6)[30](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-7f4f3586c40d4e9fbdab31835387263a)[31](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-85f3e8c9fc284a94a4fae5492270daf5)[32](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-8a5c52aad7084750b72c7d0676733eb0)

## Business segments

TSMC officially reports a single operating/reportable segment: the foundry segment. The company says this segment covers the manufacturing, sales, packaging, testing and computer-aided design of integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices, as well as mask manufacturing, so it effectively represents 100% of reportable operating-segment results. Within that segment, wafer fabrication is the principal revenue source and accounted for about 87% of net revenue in 2024; the balance came mainly from packaging and testing services, mask making, design, and royalty income. [33](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-28bce392217644a2a39408dba25bfb2e)[34](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-4a86fba6edbf492b9e835f2e6e9154a8)

As a more detailed business mix view, TSMC also breaks net revenue down by application platform. In 2024, High Performance Computing was 51% of revenue, Smartphone 35%, Internet of Things 6%, Automotive 5%, Digital Consumer Electronics 1%, and Others 2%. HPC includes products such as AI accelerators, CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, server processors and high-speed networking chips, supported by advanced packaging and 3D integration offerings; Smartphone covers premium and mainstream mobile processors and companion chips such as RF, sensors and PMICs; IoT centers on AIoT and ultra-low-power connected devices; Automotive focuses on ADAS, in-vehicle infotainment, zonal controllers, EV/ICE electronics, sensors and automotive-grade specialty technologies; and DCE includes smart TVs, set-top boxes, smart cameras and related connectivity/power components. [35](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-84fc4e607748493aa37dfc67907c4864)[36](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T-664119b1745b42a9b422083978ef12e5)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-f2e4ece34adf4ebeb3724028f4b1faab)[15](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-a629bf62c12045e2b0d520303cc8a493)[13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-8e26f8e96b554d56886678e79a516525)[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b4ec471bf8e74b1880d1846c2c47e58f)[37](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-2f7751e6dea844639b3055f69186b486)

The same platform view in 2023 was HPC 43%, Smartphone 38%, IoT 8%, Automotive 6%, Digital Consumer Electronics 2%, and Others 3%, which indicates that while TSMC has only one formally reported operating segment, its end-market exposure is primarily concentrated in HPC and smartphones. [38](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-3d631e7eb48d41b28bbf17d7663f3608)[39](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-32ee4b87bb7946d79c4f7238581ec1f7)
[33](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-28bce392217644a2a39408dba25bfb2e)[34](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-4a86fba6edbf492b9e835f2e6e9154a8)[35](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-84fc4e607748493aa37dfc67907c4864)[36](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T-664119b1745b42a9b422083978ef12e5)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-f2e4ece34adf4ebeb3724028f4b1faab)[15](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-a629bf62c12045e2b0d520303cc8a493)[13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-8e26f8e96b554d56886678e79a516525)[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-b4ec471bf8e74b1880d1846c2c47e58f)[37](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-2f7751e6dea844639b3055f69186b486)[38](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-3d631e7eb48d41b28bbf17d7663f3608)[39](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-32ee4b87bb7946d79c4f7238581ec1f7)

## Company history

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd. was founded in 1987 by Morris Chang, who established it as the world’s first dedicated semiconductor foundry company; TSMC was incorporated on February 21, 1987 as a joint venture.[40](https://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/dc_infographics_foundry)[41](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-87a1ed4cfdd34c06a00274d8326d4bc8) The company’s common shares were listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange on September 5, 1994, and its American depositary shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on October 8, 1997.[41](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-87a1ed4cfdd34c06a00274d8326d4bc8)

In 1999, TSMC broke ground on Fab 12, its first 12-inch wafer fab, marking a major manufacturing milestone, and in 2000 it completed the mergers of TASMC and WSMC into TSMC.[42](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/2191)[43](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/2247) During the following decade, it continued to push leading-edge process technology, announcing its first 28nm low-power technology in 2009 and beginning 28nm volume production in 2011; its 7nm technology later entered volume production in April 2018.[44](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/1556)[45](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/1689)[46](https://www.tsmc.com/english/news-events/blog-article-20200801)

A major leadership transition came in 2018, when Morris Chang retired after more than 31 years leading the company; following his retirement, TSMC’s board elected Mark Liu as chairman and C.C. Wei as chief executive officer and vice chairman.[47](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-bad62b07d7204f9aa5c2c46e402b5538)
[41](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-87a1ed4cfdd34c06a00274d8326d4bc8)[47](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-bad62b07d7204f9aa5c2c46e402b5538)[40](https://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/dc_infographics_foundry)[42](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/2191)[43](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/2247)[44](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/1556)[45](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/1689)[46](https://www.tsmc.com/english/news-events/blog-article-20200801)

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35. [TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO LTD — Full financial report (2024 Y), p24](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-84fc4e607748493aa37dfc67907c4864)
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39. [TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO LTD — Full financial report (2023 Y), p164](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-32ee4b87bb7946d79c4f7238581ec1f7)
40. [www.tsmc.com](https://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/dc_infographics_foundry)
41. [TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO LTD — Full financial report (2024 Y), p19](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-87a1ed4cfdd34c06a00274d8326d4bc8)
42. [pr.tsmc.com](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/2191)
43. [pr.tsmc.com](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/2247)
44. [pr.tsmc.com](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/1556)
45. [pr.tsmc.com](https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/1689)
46. [www.tsmc.com](https://www.tsmc.com/english/news-events/blog-article-20200801)
47. [TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO LTD — Full financial report (2018 Y), p39](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P-bad62b07d7204f9aa5c2c46e402b5538)

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