{ "schemaVersion": 1, "organisationId": "O-eafc1cd337de4c29a50ff0cbfce30a21", "slug": "linde", "name": "LINDE PLC", "updatedAt": "2026-03-19T00:06:16.013316Z", "sections": [ { "type": "OVERVIEW", "text": "Linde plc is a global industrial gases and engineering company and describes itself as the largest industrial gases company worldwide. Its operations are centered on two major product lines: industrial gases and engineering. The company produces, sells and distributes atmospheric, process and specialty gases—including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, electronic gases and other specialty gases—and its engineering business designs and builds equipment and plants for gas production and processing. Linde serves a broad range of end markets, including healthcare, chemicals and energy, manufacturing, metals and mining, food and beverage, and electronics. Its stated mission is “Making Our World More Productive.” [P-be24337de52747cd88fd5056de7fa09e][P-c77fa2d1e51f408c9a3e99083dc8a04d][P-f11c9f5127794478bdcaca50109c63c3][P-7016bfa712be4dd4973ae7c8174a6c10][https://www.linde.com/about-us/corporate-values]\n\nLinde’s industrial gases business is managed across the Americas, EMEA and APAC, while its engineering activities are managed on a global basis. The company has majority- or wholly owned subsidiaries in approximately 45 countries in EMEA, 20 in APAC and 20 across North and South America, giving it a presence in about 85 countries overall. In 2024, Linde reported sales of $33.0 billion and employed 65,289 people worldwide; about 65% of its sales were generated outside the United States. Its operating footprint includes thousands of production plants, pipeline complexes, distribution centers and delivery vehicles, reflecting a large-scale global supply network. [P-d58ebe624c534404a336f1d038d7b080][P-2a64a8a00a5f4923b8afd162f6215cd1][T-a48067806a364342914a2b63d31cd9f8][P-9613185319ea4c8f82ce7882db8600ac][P-4065c1cf40354c95b2feed80c457de9c]\n[P-be24337de52747cd88fd5056de7fa09e][P-c77fa2d1e51f408c9a3e99083dc8a04d][P-f11c9f5127794478bdcaca50109c63c3][P-7016bfa712be4dd4973ae7c8174a6c10][P-d58ebe624c534404a336f1d038d7b080][P-2a64a8a00a5f4923b8afd162f6215cd1][T-a48067806a364342914a2b63d31cd9f8][P-9613185319ea4c8f82ce7882db8600ac][P-4065c1cf40354c95b2feed80c457de9c][https://www.linde.com/about-us/corporate-values]", "updatedAt": "2026-03-19T00:06:16.013316Z" }, { "type": "PRODUCTS", "text": "Linde’s products are centered on industrial gases. Its atmospheric-gas portfolio includes oxygen, nitrogen, argon and rare gases such as krypton, neon and xenon; these are produced mainly through cryogenic air separation, with gaseous oxygen and nitrogen also supplied on-site using vacuum pressure swing adsorption and membrane separation technologies.[P-c607c0699ea74df28c157333a797a21f] Its process-gas portfolio includes hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, acetylene, electronic gases, and specialty gases and mixtures.[P-1572ed5769f04f619c30cf957b88fbe3][P-1f009b224ecf45babfd47a85dc19cad0] Linde’s hydrogen offerings include conventional hydrogen made from natural gas or methane via steam methane reforming or autothermal reforming, low-carbon hydrogen coupled with carbon capture and sequestration, renewable hydrogen produced by electrolysis using renewable power and water, and recovered hydrogen purified to ultra-high purity levels.[P-9650a889ad804fbbb286db930d25631a] The company also processes carbon dioxide into commercial and food-grade CO2, sources helium from helium-rich natural gas streams, and obtains acetylene primarily as a chemical by-product, with additional production possible from calcium carbide and water.[P-e486fafa74db4859ac54dc4c7f7c5524]\n\nLinde supplies these products through three main service formats, selected based on customer volume, location, purity requirements, usage pattern, and whether the product is needed as a gas or cryogenic liquid.[P-27844c264aa84fc5b2832b45c54c2157] On-site or tonnage supply serves the largest, steady-demand customers, typically for oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, through plants built on or adjacent to customer sites and pipeline delivery; these arrangements are commonly structured as 10-20 year contracts with minimum purchase requirements.[P-ee797ae40d08442daff8c6c66f5733cf][P-fc7ffe477160432a86b849af03f99d00] Merchant or bulk-liquid supply delivers products such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, helium and CO2 by tanker to customer storage systems, generally under 3-7 year requirement contracts.[P-32a9b7aaae8c489fb0ff163f420c3db3][P-6bf9672b2cb648948feee3a8a84b7296] Packaged-gas supply serves smaller-volume customers through cylinders and includes atmospheric gases, hydrogen, helium, CO2, acetylene, specialty gases and mixtures, as well as related hardgoods and welding equipment; these sales are typically under 1-3 year agreements or purchase orders.[P-9722443e7f594c0294d9b6e9890c1f27][P-764c136eb0c94e218fa33e4f5382d23b] Beyond gas supply, Linde designs and builds air separation, hydrogen, synthesis gas, olefin and natural gas plants, and provides gas-processing, carbon-capture/CO2-management, and plant digital-performance services.[P-6058beccab3949d8bd0d65d7074bc02f][P-20a68495f34941e0ae86250318a0c5e3][P-e68beae2431a4f4abb43cddb29739f0b] In 2024, packaged gas represented 35% of sales by distribution method, merchant 30%, on-site 23%, and other 12%.[T-6374ab0662c54d90b72743bfc7d5f69a]\n[P-c607c0699ea74df28c157333a797a21f][P-1572ed5769f04f619c30cf957b88fbe3][P-1f009b224ecf45babfd47a85dc19cad0][P-9650a889ad804fbbb286db930d25631a][P-e486fafa74db4859ac54dc4c7f7c5524][P-27844c264aa84fc5b2832b45c54c2157][P-ee797ae40d08442daff8c6c66f5733cf][P-fc7ffe477160432a86b849af03f99d00][P-32a9b7aaae8c489fb0ff163f420c3db3][P-6bf9672b2cb648948feee3a8a84b7296][P-9722443e7f594c0294d9b6e9890c1f27][P-764c136eb0c94e218fa33e4f5382d23b][P-6058beccab3949d8bd0d65d7074bc02f][P-20a68495f34941e0ae86250318a0c5e3][P-e68beae2431a4f4abb43cddb29739f0b][T-6374ab0662c54d90b72743bfc7d5f69a]", "updatedAt": "2026-03-19T00:06:16.013316Z" }, { "type": "GEOGRAPHY", "text": "Linde’s industrial gases business is organized primarily around three operating geographies—Americas, EMEA, and APAC—and it manages customer relationships on a regional basis because its products are generally not economical to transport long distances outside a region.[P-ebc95556e86e41d4b5a3203664455d59] In 2024, the Americas segment covered industrial gas operations in about 20 countries, EMEA in about 45 countries, and APAC in about 20 countries and regions; the company identifies core countries as the United States, Brazil, Mexico and Canada in the Americas, Germany, the United Kingdom and Eastern Europe in EMEA, and China, Australia, South Korea and India in APAC.[P-caa6413352e54e918c5fd15c2ba1e6a6][P-2f79200cf1374dc2b220af42c74fff00][P-c9f154547e014c46a16ec97b4e017134][T-c22cdcee005748cdad576c61f6c5bb77]\n\nIn 2024, sales by major operating region were $14.442 billion in the Americas, $8.352 billion in EMEA, and $6.632 billion in APAC, representing about 43.8%, 25.3%, and 20.1% of total sales of $33.005 billion, respectively; together these three geographic segments accounted for about 89% of group sales.[T-c4a78aed6eb64f8282ccfe7941040a22] By major country, 2024 sales were $11.497 billion in the United States, $2.649 billion in China, $2.509 billion in Germany, $1.540 billion in the United Kingdom, $1.354 billion in Australia, $1.346 billion in Mexico, and $1.263 billion in Brazil, with $10.847 billion reported as other non-U.S.; the company states this geographic information is based on country of origin.[T-8169a407f8e54931aa315f3667f60173][P-4b7842fd3f2746a9a19c295be054e134]\n\nLinde’s principal executive offices are in Woking, United Kingdom and Danbury, Connecticut, and it also owns principal administrative office space in Tonawanda, New York and Pullach, Germany.[P-d79a7d327a964cc88fc27dab84ccf9de] Its main development locations are Pullach, Germany; Tonawanda, New York; Burr Ridge, Illinois; and Shanghai, China.[P-0a47b352cbcd472d92f9cbe5459aed43] The company had 65,289 employees worldwide at December 31, 2024.[P-9613185319ea4c8f82ce7882db8600ac]\n[P-ebc95556e86e41d4b5a3203664455d59][P-caa6413352e54e918c5fd15c2ba1e6a6][P-2f79200cf1374dc2b220af42c74fff00][P-c9f154547e014c46a16ec97b4e017134][T-c22cdcee005748cdad576c61f6c5bb77][T-c4a78aed6eb64f8282ccfe7941040a22][T-8169a407f8e54931aa315f3667f60173][P-4b7842fd3f2746a9a19c295be054e134][P-d79a7d327a964cc88fc27dab84ccf9de][P-0a47b352cbcd472d92f9cbe5459aed43][P-9613185319ea4c8f82ce7882db8600ac]", "updatedAt": "2026-03-19T00:06:16.013316Z" }, { "type": "SEGMENTS", "text": "Linde describes its business around two major product lines—industrial gases and engineering—but for official segment reporting it organizes industrial gases geographically into Americas, EMEA, and APAC, while also reporting Engineering separately on a worldwide basis and using an Other category for corporate costs and smaller businesses.[P-4c9efcca398d43118bbb09e5c3582c1c] The Americas segment covers industrial gases operations in about 20 countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil; EMEA covers about 45 countries across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, including Germany, the U.K., France, Sweden, and South Africa; and APAC covers about 20 countries and regions including China, Australia, India, and South Korea.[P-caa6413352e54e918c5fd15c2ba1e6a6][P-d86a7d45de414500b3830dc333092e19][P-c9f154547e014c46a16ec97b4e017134] Engineering designs and manufactures equipment for air separation and other industrial gas applications, while Other includes corporate costs and smaller businesses such as Linde Advanced Materials Technology and global helium wholesale.[P-6058beccab3949d8bd0d65d7074bc02f][P-3aee35c2c2494b858051fb693ec80aea]\n\nBased on 2024 segment sales, Linde’s revenue mix was led by Americas at roughly 44% of sales, followed by EMEA at about 25%, APAC at about 20%, Engineering at about 7%, and Other at about 4%.[P-d26791a003464f0788de52f15cd68599] This indicates the company is primarily an industrial gases business, with the bulk of sales coming from its three regional gases segments and a smaller but distinct contribution from the global Engineering operation.[P-4c9efcca398d43118bbb09e5c3582c1c][P-d26791a003464f0788de52f15cd68599]\n[P-4c9efcca398d43118bbb09e5c3582c1c][P-caa6413352e54e918c5fd15c2ba1e6a6][P-d86a7d45de414500b3830dc333092e19][P-c9f154547e014c46a16ec97b4e017134][P-6058beccab3949d8bd0d65d7074bc02f][P-3aee35c2c2494b858051fb693ec80aea][P-d26791a003464f0788de52f15cd68599]", "updatedAt": "2026-03-19T00:06:16.013316Z" }, { "type": "HISTORY", "text": "Linde traces its origins to 1879, when Carl von Linde founded the original company in Wiesbaden; the business was initially built around refrigeration technology and later became an early industrial-gases pioneer. A major technical milestone came in 1902, when Linde pioneered the first air separation unit, helping establish the company’s long-term position in cryogenic and industrial-gas technologies. Its U.S. lineage also runs back to 1907, when Linde Air Products was formed in the United States. [https://www.linde.com/about-linde/corporate-heritage][https://assets.linde.com/-/media/global/engineering/engineering/home/products-and-services/process-plants/air-separation-plants/air-separation-plants-history-and-technological-progress-2019.pdf][https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/884905/000095015717000804/form425.htm]\n\nOn the U.S. side of the group’s history, Praxair became an independent company in 1992 through a spin-off from Union Carbide Corporation. The modern company was then created through the combination of Praxair and Germany’s Linde AG: the two companies signed their business combination agreement in June 2017, and the transaction was completed on October 31, 2018, forming Linde plc. [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/884905/000119312511043054/d10k.htm][https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1707925/000119312518313073/d643979dex992.htm][https://www.linde.com/news-and-media/2018/business-combination-between-praxair-and-linde-ag-successfully-completed]\n[https://www.linde.com/about-linde/corporate-heritage][https://assets.linde.com/-/media/global/engineering/engineering/home/products-and-services/process-plants/air-separation-plants/air-separation-plants-history-and-technological-progress-2019.pdf][https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/884905/000095015717000804/form425.htm][https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/884905/000119312511043054/d10k.htm][https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1707925/000119312518313073/d643979dex992.htm][https://www.linde.com/news-and-media/2018/business-combination-between-praxair-and-linde-ag-successfully-completed]", "updatedAt": "2026-03-19T00:06:16.013316Z" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "P-be24337de52747cd88fd5056de7fa09e", 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