# BANK OF CHINA

Summary updated: 2026-09-28T14:43:28.41702Z
Canonical: https://finbar.com/research/companies/bank-of-china

## Overview

Bank of China Limited is a state-owned commercial bank founded in 1912. It provides corporate and personal banking, financial-markets services and other financial services in local and foreign currencies. Its longstanding role in foreign exchange and trade finance helps define its international focus. The bank describes serving the real economy as its fundamental mission. [1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144866807)[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865106)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865107)

Bank of China operates in mainland China and 64 other countries and regions. In 2024, it reported operating income of RMB632.8 billion, year-end assets of RMB35.1 trillion and 312,757 employees. [3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865107)[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567193)[5](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567228)
[1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144866807)[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865106)[3](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865107)[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567193)[4](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567193)[5](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567228)

## Products & services

Bank of China’s corporate products include credit and financing, cross-border settlement, guarantees and cash management. BOC Cross-border E-Business Express provides settlement services for cross-border e-commerce, while BOC Corporate E-link offers digital tools for accounting, payroll, remittances and lending. BOC Corporate e-Manager supports small and medium-sized businesses with human-resources, finance and operations functions. [6](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865693)[7](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865566)[8](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865568) Corporate banking accounted for 41.22% of the bank’s 2024 operating income. [9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)

For individuals, the bank offers deposits, payment cards, pension services and investment products. Its Great Wall credit-card range includes private-banking, wealth and platinum cards; cardholders can also access instalment services for purchases such as automobiles and home improvements. [10](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865422)[11](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865652) Through mobile banking, BOC Investment Strategy provides investment information, Fortune brings together investment services, and Wealth Management Night Fair extends product subscription and redemption to midnight. [12](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865633) Personal banking generated 48.54% of 2024 operating income. [9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)

The bank’s financial-markets services include foreign-exchange trading and hedging, bond and precious-metals market-making, and over-the-counter bond products. [13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865675)[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865679)[15](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865681) It also offers digital-renminbi capabilities, including smart-contract trade-finance payments designed to be directed and traceable, and a hardware wallet supporting tap- and scan-to-pay transactions. [16](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865572)[17](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865725) Treasury operations, the separately reported segment that includes market activities, contributed 10.00% of 2024 operating income; this is not a standalone revenue share for any individual product. [9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)
[6](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865693)[7](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865566)[8](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865568)[9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)[10](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865422)[11](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865652)[12](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865633)[9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)[13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865675)[14](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865679)[15](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865681)[16](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865572)[17](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865725)[9](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)

## Geographic presence

Bank of China is headquartered in Beijing. Its operations are concentrated in the Chinese mainland, with a substantial presence in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Its overseas operations extend to 64 countries and regions across Asia Pacific, Europe, the Americas and Africa. [18](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144868403)[19](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865728)

In 2024, the Chinese mainland generated RMB493.7 billion in operating income, or 77.6% of the sum of its geographic segments before eliminations. Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan generated RMB112.1 billion (17.6%), while other countries and regions generated RMB30.0 billion (4.7%). At year-end, the respective segments held RMB28.61 trillion, RMB5.71 trillion and RMB2.59 trillion in assets. [20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)
[18](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144868403)[19](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865728)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)[20](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)

## Business segments

Bank of China reports six business categories. Personal banking serves retail customers through deposits, loans, cards, payments and wealth-management products; corporate banking serves companies, government authorities and financial institutions through lending, deposits, payments, trade finance and related products. They contributed approximately 39% and 37%, respectively, of 2025 consolidated operating income. [21](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879373)[22](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879374)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330) Treasury operations, including foreign exchange, derivatives, money-market activity and asset and liability management, contributed about 13%. [24](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879375)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)

Investment banking covers underwriting, advisory, securities brokerage and trading, asset management and private equity investment; it contributed about 1% of operating income. Insurance covers general and life underwriting and agency services and contributed about 5%. Other operations, including investment holding and leasing, contributed about 5% and do not constitute a separately reportable segment. These approximate shares are measured against consolidated operating income, so they sum to slightly more than 100% before inter-segment eliminations. [25](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879376)[26](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879377)[27](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879378)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)

The bank also reports a geographic breakdown. In 2025, the Chinese mainland accounted for about 76% of consolidated operating income, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan together about 19%, and other countries and regions about 5%, before geographic eliminations. The Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan grouping is further divided between BOCHK Group and other operations. [28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)
[21](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879373)[22](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879374)[24](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879375)[25](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879376)[26](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879377)[27](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879378)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[23](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)[28](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)

## Company history

Bank of China was founded on 5 February 1912. In its early decades, it performed central-banking functions and developed a role in foreign exchange and trade finance. After 1949, it became a state-designated specialist bank for foreign exchange and international trade. [1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144866807)

In 1994, Bank of China became a state-owned commercial bank. It was converted into a joint-stock commercial bank and renamed Bank of China Limited in 2004, then listed its shares in Hong Kong and Shanghai in 2006. In 2011, it became the first financial institution from an emerging economy to be designated a global systemically important bank. [2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865106)[1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144866807)
[1](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144866807)[2](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865106)

## Sources

1. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p232](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144866807)
2. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p6](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865106)
3. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p6](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865107)
4. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p13](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567193)
5. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p125](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567228)
6. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p78](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865693)
7. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p60](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865566)
8. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p61](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865568)
9. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p62](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567214)
10. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p42](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865422)
11. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p73](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865652)
12. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p70](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865633)
13. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p75](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865675)
14. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p76](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865679)
15. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p76](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865681)
16. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p61](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865572)
17. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p83](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865725)
18. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p398](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144868403)
19. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p84](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144865728)
20. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2024 Y), p333](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16567362)
21. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p294](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879373)
22. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p294](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879374)
23. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p297](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568330)
24. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p294](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879375)
25. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p294](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879376)
26. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p294](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879377)
27. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p294](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=P144879378)
28. [BANK OF CHINA — Full financial report (2025 Y), p295](https://app.finbar.com/go?id=T16568328)

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